Effect and Mechanism of Rice-Pasture Rotation Systems on Yield Increase and Runoff Reduction under Different Fertilizer Treatments

This study investigated the effects of crop rotations and different ratios dairy manure fertilizer on nitrogen loss rice yield in Erhai Lake basin. Two kinds herbages were set rotation: Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv.‘Tetragold’) (R) Villose Vetch (Vicia villosa var. Glabresens) (V). The experiment involved two-year field tests with nine management treatments. results showed that rice-Vicia rotation 70% chemical 30% cattle fertilization increased significantly, while reducing runoff losses increasing microbial abundance nitrification fixation. varied among tested soils, Alphaproteobacteria, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhizobiales, Bradyrhizobium, Azotobacter Vinelandii being highest + (R-V) to ameliorate plant growth strengthen efficiency nutrient uptake, whereas Planctomycete was comparatively lower promote long-term N stabilization soil. F—30% M R-V treatment also significantly decreased nitrate reductase ammonia monooxygenase enzyme activity, potentially improving use efficiency, gaseous losses. LEfSe analysis indicated fertilizers enhanced abundances metabolic genes related energy nitrogen. These findings suggested appropriate agricultural using can improve soil quality sustainability agroecosystems.